Alleviating Poverty And Unemployment: Correcting Course With Sri Sri Thakur- A Study With Reference To South Asia.
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| SRI SRI THAKUR ANUKULCHANDRA Free picture downloaded from https://www.satsang.org.in |
Sri Sri Thakur Anukul Chandra was born into the Brahmin family on the 14th September,1888 at Himaitpur of Pabna district in present Bangladesh. His whole life was the manifestation of divinity. His devotees regarded him as Yoga- Purushottama. He had defined 'Dharma' as " upholding urge of existence", life itself is Dharma. He had detached 'ism' from 'Dharma'. He defined 'Politics' which supported the uphold of existence of the human being. In his words -" That which protects, nurtures and fulfill the uphold of existence is called politics". He outlined 'Education" as the "Systematic organization of habits and instincts for the purpose of fulfilling the becoming of life by a graduated active manipulation of behavior." He was a qualified physician from the National Medical School of Calcutta. He established 'Satsang Ashram'- the man making organization. The motto of the Satsang is to be devoted to divine entity- that is towards own and others. It is essential to be devoted to the living Ideal or to be Ideal centric to lead heavenly blissful life. Ultimately, Sri Sri Thakur was the fulfiller of the best.
Sri Sri Thakur outlined, “Unemployment suggests that the person of sensual intellect, having lost welfare work looked upon as a wealth, the complexities of mind-to be made in nightlong. They'll deliver their well speeches with completely different vogue and augmentation. Pessimism is that the spice of their philosophy. Severally they ne'er carry anybody being yield – the thrilling of ego invariably swarms everywhere his body. If anyone helps him and being him grateful; if he thinks to laud him in front of the people, he feels extremely ashamed. And he tries to create man perceive unerect hands and in numerous techniques –who assumes him as a great man, once and what approach – though he never cares him. If it is asked him to try and do one thing, he opens the certified lists of his commands to create them perceive clearly his skillfulness, - however if it's requested him to spit shifting by aspect, he be depressed with discontentment, disgracefulness, hatred. Few folks among them a lot of or less have the habits of making the best use of opportunity – that means the intellectuality to take surreptitiously without making them profitable etc. The persons of these characteristics or features are real unemployed sons of nature.” (Nanaprasangee, vol-II, P-172/173).Sri Sri Thakur defined poverty aparting from the conventional thoughts and specified poverty is nothing but a disease, it should be removed easily.
Sri Sri Thakur has used the term pauper in place of poor. Pauper means a destitute person. Pauperism means destitution. People may be poor generation after generation but still not be classed with paupers.
By the flip of the Twenty First century, most of the vital economies in South Asia had undergone the subsequent changes:
1.Very substantial reduction in direct state management in terms of administered costs, regulation of economic activity,
2.Privatization of state assets, usually in debatable circumstances,
3.Rationalization (usually additionally a locution for reduction) of direct and taxation rates, that became related to declining tax-GDP ratios,
4.Attempts (typically unsuccessful) to cut back commercial enterprise deficits that typically concerned restraining on public productive investment furthermore as bound styles of social expenditure, reducing subsidies to farmers and increasing user charges for public services and utilities,
5.Trade easing, involving shifts from quantitative restrictions to tariffs and usually sharp reductions with the average rate of tariff protection,
6.Financial easing involving reductions in directed credit, liberating of rate ceilings and different measures that raised the value of borrowing, together with for the govt.,
7.Moving to plug determined exchange rates and easing of accounting transactions,
8.Allowing a point of capital account easing, together with easing rules for Foreign Direct Investment, permitting non-residents to carry domestic monetary assets.
Sri Sri Thakur has used the term pauper in place of poor. Pauper means a destitute person. Pauperism means destitution. People may be poor generation after generation but still not be classed with paupers.
Status of Poverty Alleviation and Employment Generation in India/South Asia.
South Asia is the largest developing sub region which is facing the emerging poverty due to illiteracy and malnutrition in the world. Its population is around 23% of the world’s population. Over 40% of world’s food-insecure people are living in the region. 3/4th of the total poor work and live in rural areas whose poverty depends upon their living status in 1)Peri-urban areas which is close to urban areas and markets where employment and income opportunities, market and resource availability are high,2) Middle areas where employment and income opportunities, market and resource availability are thin, have highly prospectiveness in agricultural development through market incentives and institutional development, have higher absorption of both labour and capital and of producing market surpluses. These areas could provide employment through diversification of agricultural production into livestock, poultry and dairy farming, horticulture, handicrafts etc. 3) Remote areas, the most difficult areas for the high costs of infrastructure, lack of subsidies for economic development, low institutional supports for poverty reduction.(Akroyd, 2003).By the flip of the Twenty First century, most of the vital economies in South Asia had undergone the subsequent changes:
1.Very substantial reduction in direct state management in terms of administered costs, regulation of economic activity,
2.Privatization of state assets, usually in debatable circumstances,
3.Rationalization (usually additionally a locution for reduction) of direct and taxation rates, that became related to declining tax-GDP ratios,
4.Attempts (typically unsuccessful) to cut back commercial enterprise deficits that typically concerned restraining on public productive investment furthermore as bound styles of social expenditure, reducing subsidies to farmers and increasing user charges for public services and utilities,
5.Trade easing, involving shifts from quantitative restrictions to tariffs and usually sharp reductions with the average rate of tariff protection,
6.Financial easing involving reductions in directed credit, liberating of rate ceilings and different measures that raised the value of borrowing, together with for the govt.,
7.Moving to plug determined exchange rates and easing of accounting transactions,
8.Allowing a point of capital account easing, together with easing rules for Foreign Direct Investment, permitting non-residents to carry domestic monetary assets.
The South Asian Economies Face Several Challenges:
1.The evenhanded sharing of growth and development among an extremely spread rural population.
2.Transferal innumerable rural families higher than the poverty level.
3.Bridging gender and rural-urban inequalities, increasing investments in physical and social infrastructure.
4.Promoting market-based data and skills.
5.Increasing technical capabilities to raise farm and non-farm productivity, significantly in agriculture.
6.Making financial gain and employment opportunities.
7.Eradicating illiteracy.
8.Increasing public health coverage to cut back morbidity and mortality.
9.Rising nutrition levels.
Growth Rate of GDP in South Asia:
Poverty Profile of South Asia:
The countries of South Asia region are trying to minimize the incidence of poverty and number of poor. Poverty of this region has been reduced from 38% to 29% in the year 1990’s. In the year 2000, the incidence of rural poverty was noted as 30.2% in India,37.4% in Bangladesh, 21% in Bhutan, 15% in Maldives, 44% in Nepal,34.7% in Pakistan comparing to urban poverty 24.7% in India,19.1% in Bangladesh, 17% in Bhutan, 7% in Maldives, 23.3% in Nepal,20.9% in Pakistan.
In South Asia the mail hindrance of development of the countries is inequalities of land ownership. The major households have no own lands or have own a small piece. The highest level of poverty is found among landless householders. In Bangladesh about 65% of households (59% of the rural poor) own less than 0.02 hectare of cultivated land, whereas about 22% (5% of rural poor) households own more than one hectare. In the year 2000, 60% of households in India living below the poverty line, owned less than 0.8 hectare of land. In Pakistan, an estimated 64% of the poorest households are landless, while small and medium farmers own 32% of land area. Two per cent of households own more than 16 hectares of land and control 44%of the land area. Collectively, large and very large farm households control 66 %of all agricultural land.
Land reform systems are intending to enhance assets for the poor. In India, the progress of land reforms has been equally unsatisfactory comparing to Pakistan and others, barring the states of Kerala and West Bengal (Aziz and Krishna, 1997; Thangarajan, 2003).
The poor human development indicators are as access to drinking water, rural feeder roads, electricity, and sanitation facilities. etc. enhancing the poverty in the rural areas of South Asia. The education and health indicators are extremely poor although in Sri Lanka these are relatively high. Malnutrition and child mortality is significantly growing up. Although the rate of child mortality is decreasing, still South Asia is the second worst region in terms of human development indicators.
The poverty in South Asia mainly lies due to landless or small own lands and low livestock in the rural areas. Inadequate education and health services decrease the capability of human beings. The rising gap between the poor and the rich restricts access of the poor to credit, inputs and technology.
In South Asia the mail hindrance of development of the countries is inequalities of land ownership. The major households have no own lands or have own a small piece. The highest level of poverty is found among landless householders. In Bangladesh about 65% of households (59% of the rural poor) own less than 0.02 hectare of cultivated land, whereas about 22% (5% of rural poor) households own more than one hectare. In the year 2000, 60% of households in India living below the poverty line, owned less than 0.8 hectare of land. In Pakistan, an estimated 64% of the poorest households are landless, while small and medium farmers own 32% of land area. Two per cent of households own more than 16 hectares of land and control 44%of the land area. Collectively, large and very large farm households control 66 %of all agricultural land.
Land reform systems are intending to enhance assets for the poor. In India, the progress of land reforms has been equally unsatisfactory comparing to Pakistan and others, barring the states of Kerala and West Bengal (Aziz and Krishna, 1997; Thangarajan, 2003).
The poor human development indicators are as access to drinking water, rural feeder roads, electricity, and sanitation facilities. etc. enhancing the poverty in the rural areas of South Asia. The education and health indicators are extremely poor although in Sri Lanka these are relatively high. Malnutrition and child mortality is significantly growing up. Although the rate of child mortality is decreasing, still South Asia is the second worst region in terms of human development indicators.
The poverty in South Asia mainly lies due to landless or small own lands and low livestock in the rural areas. Inadequate education and health services decrease the capability of human beings. The rising gap between the poor and the rich restricts access of the poor to credit, inputs and technology.
Poverty Reduction Of South Asian Countries:
Bangladesh(1984-2010) 20%, Bhutan (2003-2012) 33%, India(1983-2012) 32.6%, Nepal(1984-2010) 73.7%,Pakistan(1984-2011) 59.8%, Srilanka (1985-2012) 11.4% (Source: PovcalNet of the World Bank)
Poverty Alleviation And Employment Generation Programmes In India:
(a) Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)
(b) The Training of Rural Youth for Self- Employment (TRYSEM)
(c) The Programme of Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA)
(d) Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY)
(e) The Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS)
(f) The Million Wells Scheme (MWS)
(g) The National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)
(h) The Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
(i) Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)
Why Unemployment- Gap In Education: Thakur's Concept
Sri Sri Thakur has noted that main causes of unemployment lie in the gap of education. He defined education-“systemic organization of habits and instincts with the aim of fulfilling the becoming of life, by a graduated active manipulation of behavior could also be called education.” He noted that individual subjects would have to find out through inquisitive observation, which can help to grow the practical knowledge. The learning of science will be with a practical manipulation through suitable industries to grow normally the common sense through the practical work. Educationists have to take attention, as the theoretical aspects can grow through that practical knowledge easily.
Primary Education: - Sri Sri Thakur has keenly pointed out that the practical development of the nation would be possible through compulsory primary education system and simultaneously he has noted the way of its implementation.
“Primary education will be up to present matric standard compulsorily, is seemed to me. The methods would be arranged as it grows thoroughly practical nature. Being expert in practical if there are quite weakness in theoretical knowledge, it would be continued without more attention, - because through practical knowledge man’s instinct and temperament becomes proportionately theoretical, which automatically will grow. This practical education of which main movements would from an inclination to fulfill the master beloved by serving the environment through inquisitive acquisition finding out the necessities of every individual for the acceleration of further becoming with a firmness of being.” (Nana Prasangee, Volume-II, p-150)
According to him if the education can grows as the common sense in each student with practical manipulation, where they can live, from there giving services to surroundings – to whom service are given,-and being their interest they can acquire the techniques of living without any hesitation.
Again if it is quarreled only taking compulsory primary education system without trying to grow the common sense in students, the degrees of unemployment will increase with the increment of education and degrees.
Sri Sri Thakur noted that a child carries the surrounding sensations through his eyes therefore it is find out that they move their heads here and there and laughs and cries .At first his eyes carry the surrounding events with sensation and then brain becomes impressed, active. He becomes develop first through his eyes then naturally opens his ears and others. So, in a family the habits and activities of parents and other members of the family would be in such way that those impressions can carry him to elevation in future days.
Sri Sri Thakur believed that education should be practical and industrial. He told that man can take education in Arts but such practical something compulsory would be added as the students compulsory their course become self employed depending on that. Classifying the subjects as physics, chemistry, science etc. are divided in such practical industrial division as the students can complete the college career through practice with theoretical lectures. (Nana Prasangee, vol.-I, p-81)
Education system would be framed on theoretical, practical and moduled. Our modern education system is based on theoretical knowledge, sometimes related with practical. Education would be useless without practical knowledge and if the knowledge is not in moduled form, the gap will be created in learning.
Thakur's Remedy
Thakur’s concept on alleviating poverty are discussed below-
1. First of all to be concentric upon superior personality as Superior Beloved to protect their personality and individuality from the hands of disintegrated complexes. In a word he would be the fulfiller of the wishes of superior Beloved which can make co-ordination in motor-sensory to be responsive to the society.
2. To reform those, sometimes have to represent some pose of hope, sympathy, service etc. and to excite everybody’s profitable inquisitiveness.
3. Development of Agriculture – Thakur defined agriculture as – “agreed by all culture is agriculture.” He gave stress upon agriculture because it is good; as the life should be self dependent rather than on other’s dependent. (AlochonaPrasange–VOL III, p-226) He denotes that domestic agriculture and industry with conscientious labour and existential uphold is the normal wealth of life. His advice to Keep kitchen with his arable land well-equipped to adjust and make people inter-interest with self-complacent compliances, thus be he adjusted, let self economy effulge out of it. (THE MESSAGE, Vol-VIII). Agriculture would be added compulsorily in education system. The persons, who are engaged in cultivation, have to educate them and control them in agricultural nurturing. Agriculture makes man self dependent. He also pointed out the rearing or tending of cattle under agriculture. In one side as the agriculture fulfill the demands of food and makes people earner, on the other side it helps to increase income of the low skilled, of low capital, and backward people. After all he has noted that the education should be in such way which can lead the people as they can control a domestic laboratory, cottage industries, be eligible to produce daily needed vegetables easily.
4. Industry - Thakur defined industry as – “building up from within.” The amusing mood have to bring in work to make individual industrious. Industry will come with marriage reformation. He gave stress on establishment of Domestic industries where capital investment is comparative low, have the chance to impute own innovativeness, be self employed. He also included service basis industries.
5. Progressive mood have to establish in society- marriage reformation, industrialization, normal diet and mode of living, elevative engagement, service basis industries-purpose to serve others.
6. Education should be based on elevative intellectualism and divided on three parts-physical, psychological and dynamic. Regarding the change of education in the universities Sri Sri Thakur told that tending to impart education through service in an inquisitive acquisition, thoroughly moulded in a practical shape ultimately on the basis of living and growth of the human being, the proper techniques of manufacture and manipulation would be to supply the practical needs of every individual environment, it may be with a branch of education or including all branches of education. Such type of common sense would be applied which can provide the techniques of useful life. And through this theoretical knowledge are covered which are needed to accurate more common sense. That type of implementation would be where no one can roam being depressed and scatter uttering with the words “want service”, ”want service”
7. Remove the concept of touchability and untouchability,
8. Upliftment of the depressed people.
Experiments Needed:
Experiments are needed on education, marriage reformations, agricultural and domestic industrialization development etc.
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